A critical look at what technical analysis is, how observation differs from interpretation, the categories of tools, and its biggest trap — confirmation bias.

Covering trend, support, and resistance with a schematic example, the logic of invalidation, the false-breakout trap, and the bridge from observation to a rule.

A critical look at what the three most-used indicators measure, the risks of lag and misuse, a combined-signal example, and the myth of a “best indicator.”